Complications involved in Varicose Veins

Varicose veins can cause complications because they stop your blood flowing properly.

Most people who have varicose veins won’t develop complications. If they do, it’s usually several years after varicose veins first appear.

Some possible complications of varicose veins are explained below.

Bleeding

Varicose veins near the surface of your skin can sometimes bleed if you cut or bump your leg. The bleeding may be difficult to stop.

You should lie down, raise your leg and apply direct pressure to the wound. Seek immediate medical advice if this doesn’t stop the bleeding.

Chronic venous insufficiency

If the blood in your veins does not flow properly, it can interfere with the way that your skin exchanges oxygen, nutrients and waste products with your blood. If the exchange is disrupted over a long period of time it is known as chronic venous insufficiency.

Chronic venous insufficiency can sometimes cause other conditions to develop, including those described below.

Varicose eczema

Varicose eczema is a condition that causes your skin to become red, scaly and flaky. You may also develop blisters and crusting of your skin.

Lipodermatosclerosis

Lipodermatosclerosis causes your skin to become hardened and tight, and you may find that it turns a red or brown color. The condition usually affects the calf area.

Venous ulcers

A venous ulcer develops when there is increased pressure in the veins of your lower leg. This causes fluid to seep from your vein and collect under the skin. The fluid can cause the skin to thicken, swell and to eventually break down to form an ulcer. Venous ulcers most commonly form in the ankle area.

You should see your GP immediately if you notice any unusual changes in your skin, such as those mentioned above. These conditions can usually be easily treated, but it is important that you receive treatment as soon as possible.

See the Health A-Z topic about Venous leg ulcers for more information about this condition.

Inflammation

Inflammation is the body’s response to infection, irritation or injury, which causes redness, swelling, pain and sometimes a feeling of heat in the affected area.

Veins

Veins are a type of blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.

Thrombophlebitis

Thrombophlebitis is inflammation (swelling) of the veins in your leg which is caused by blood clots forming in the vein. This can occur within your varicose veins and it can:

• be painful
• look red
• feel warm

Blood clots

If blood clots form in veins located just under the surface of your skin (superficial veins), it could lead to conditions such as:

• thrombophlebitis — swelling (inflammation) of the veins in your leg
• deep vein thrombosis — which can cause pain and swelling in the leg, and may lead to serious complications like pulmonary embolism